Written by Dr. Pradeep

BURNS

Overview

Burns are tissue damage that results from heat, overexposure to the sun or other radiation, or chemical or electrical contact. Burns can be minor medical problems or life-threatening emergencies.

The treatment of burns depends on the location and severity of the damage. Sunburns and small scalds can usually be treated at home. Deep or widespread burns need immediate medical attention. Some people need treatment at specialized burn centers and monthslong follow-up care.

Symptoms

Burn symptoms vary depending on how deep the skin damage is. It can take a day or two for the signs and symptoms of a severe burn to develop.

• • • • 1st-degree burn.This minor burn affects only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It may cause redness and pain.
      • 2nd-degree burn.This type of burn affects both the epidermis and the second layer of skin (dermis). It may cause swelling and red, white or splotchy skin. Blisters may develop, and pain can be severe. Deep second-degree burns can cause scarring.
      • 3rd-degree burn.This burn reaches to the fat layer beneath the skin. Burned areas may be black, brown or white. The skin may look leathery. Third-degree burns can destroy nerves, causing numbness.

When to see a doctor

Seek emergency medical assistance for:

• • • Burns that cover the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks, a major joint or a large area of the body
    • Deep burns, which means burns affecting all layers of the skin or even deeper tissues
    • Burns that cause the skin to look leathery
    • Burns that appear charred or have patches of black, brown or white
    • Burns caused by chemicals or electricity
    • Difficulty breathing or burns to the airway

Take first-aid measures while waiting for emergency assistance.

Call your doctor if you experience:

• • • Signs of infection, such as oozing from the wound, increased pain, redness and swelling
    • A burn or blister that’s large or doesn’t heal in two weeks
    • New, unexplained symptoms
    • Significant scarring